Porphyria Free Essays

The disorder I chose to do is called Porphyria. It can cause red bloches on the skin. It can also severely affect the nervous system. We will write a custom essay sample on Porphyria or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ichose this disorder because it had a name similar to Porpise. Porphyria is a group of disorders caused by abnormalities in the chemical steps that lead to heme production. Heme is a vital molecule for all of the body’s organs, although it is most abundant in the blood, bone marrow, and liver. Heme is a component of several iron-containing proteins called hemoproteins, including hemoglobin (the protein that carries oxygen in the blood). Researchers have identified several types of porphyria, which are distinguished by their genetic cause and their signs and symptoms. Some types of porphyria, called cutaneous porphyrias, primarily affect the skin. Areas of skin exposed to the sun become fragile and blistered, which can lead to infection, scarring, changes in skin coloring (pigmentation), and increased hair growth. Cutaneous porphyrias include congenital erythropoietic porphyria, erythropoietic protoporphyria, hepatoerythropoietic porphyria, and porphyria cutanea tarda. Other types of porphyria, called acute porphyrias, primarily affect the nervous system. These disorders are described as â€Å"acute† because their signs and symptoms appear quickly and usually last a short time. Episodes of acute porphyria can cause abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea. During an episode, a person may also experience muscle weakness, seizures, fever, and mental changes such as anxiety and hallucinations. These signs and symptoms can be life-threatening, especially if the muscles that control breathing become paralyzed. Acute porphyrias include acute intermittent porphyria and ALAD deficiency porphyria. Two other forms of porphyria, hereditary coproporphyria and variegate porphyria, can have both acute and cutaneous symptoms. Each form of porphyria results from mutations in one of these genes: ALAD, ALAS2, CPOX, FECH, HMBS, PPOX, UROD, or UROS. The genes related to porphyria provide instructions for making the enzymes needed to produce heme. Mutations in most of these genes reduce enzyme activity, which limits the amount of heme the body can produce. As a result, compounds called porphyrins and porphyrin precursors, which are formed during the process of heme production, can build up abnormally in the liver and other organs. When these substances accumulate in the skin and interact with sunlight, they cause the cutaneous forms of porphyria. The acute forms of the disease occur when porphyrins and porphyrin precursors build up in and damage the nervous system. One type of porphyria, porphyria cutanea tarda, results from both genetic and nongenetic factors. About 20 percent of cases are related to mutations in the UROD gene. The remaining cases are not associated with UROD gene mutations and are classified as sporadic. Many factors contribute to the development of porphyria cutanea tarda. These include an increased amount of iron in the liver, alcohol consumption, smoking, hepatitis C or HIV infection, or certain hormones. Mutations in the HFE gene (which cause an iron overload disorder called hemochromatosis) are also associated with porphyria cutanea tarda. Other, as-yet-unidentified genetic factors may also play a role in this form of porphyria. Some types of porphyria are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the gene in each cell is mutated. This single mutation is sufficient to reduce the activity of an enzyme needed for heme production, which increases the risk of developing signs and symptoms of porphyria. Autosomal dominant porphyrias include acute intermittent porphyria, most cases of erythropoietic protoporphyria, hereditary coproporphyria, and variegate porphyria. Although the gene mutations associated with some cases of porphyria cutanea tarda also have an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, most people with this form of porphyria do not have an inherited gene mutation. Other porphyrias are inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. Most often, the parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but do not show signs and symptoms of the condition. Porphyrias with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance include ALAD deficiency porphyria, congenital erythropoietic porphyria, and some cases of erythropoietic protoporphyria. When erythropoietic protoporphyria is caused by mutations in the ALAS2 gene, it has an X-linked dominant pattern of inheritance. The ALAS2 gene is located on the X chromosome, which is one of the two sex chromosomes. In females (who have two X chromosomes), a mutation in one of the two copies of the gene in each cell may be sufficient to cause the disorder. In males (who have only one X chromosome), a mutation in the only copy of the gene in each cell causes the disorder. Males may experience more severe symptoms of the disorder than females. A striking characteristic of X-linked inheritance is that fathers cannot pass X-linked traits to their sons. Mutations in the UROD gene are related to both porphyria cutanea tarda and hepatoerythropoietic porphyria. Individuals who inherit one altered copy of the UROD gene are at increased risk for porphyria cutanea tarda. (Multiple genetic and nongenetic factors contribute to this condition. ) People who inherit two altered copies of the UROD gene in each cell develop hepatoerythropoietic porphyria. The exact prevalence of porphyria is unknown, but it probably ranges from 1 in 500 to 1 in 50,000 people worldwide. Overall, porphyria cutanea tarda is the most common type of porphyria. For some forms of porphyria, the prevalence is unknown because many people with a genetic mutation associated with the disease never experience signs or symptoms. Acute intermittent porphyria is the most common form of acute porphyria in most countries. It may occur more frequently in northern European countries, such as Sweden, and in the United Kingdom. Another form of the disorder, hereditary coproporphyria, has been reported mostly in Europe and North America. Variegate porphyria is most common in the Afrikaner population of South Africa; about 3 in 1,000 people in this population have the genetic change that causes this form of the disorder. Patients diagnosed with porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) are screened for other diseases. They may be treated with phlebotomy (blood collection) to reduce body iron stores and/or receive other treatments to decrease photosensitivity of the skin. Specialists advise PCT patients to wear protective clothing and use sunscreen at all times to reduce skin damage. PCT affects about 80 percent of patients with porphyria. It is the most common non-acute porphyria and by far the most common porphyria. Although acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is the most common acute porphyria, it is still quite rare. It usually affects women between 20 and 40 years old and men between 30 and 50. Because patients with an acute attack of AIP can rapidly develop a life-threatening illness, physicians often recommend hospitalization. While being monitored in the intensive care unit, patients may be treated with intravenous fluids, a high-carbohydrate diet, and medications that suppress porphyrin production. As you can see, Porphyria is a terrible disease. It affecs many and can even kill those affected. Reaserch on cures and treatments is still underway. We can only hope they find a cure before more people are affected. How to cite Porphyria, Essay examples

Leadership Diversity and Inclusion

Question: Discuss about theLeadership Diversity and Inclusion. Answer: Introduction Diversity in culture is the degree of diversion of cultures of different types which is sometimes comes in opposing condition to the monoculture or global culture or any type of homogenization of the culture. The diversity in culture basically is a mixture of different types of cultures which makes it to have sufficient amount of respect between the cultures. Cultural diversity has faced major impacts from globalization which are both positive and negative (Ainscow, 2005). Globalization made the merging of the societies according to the market terms and conditions across the globe which makes the differences between the people, the societies and many more criteria. The organizations and the business prevailing in the market also arrange and adapt themselves according to the need of the market where they use to share the factor of moral values for the proper interaction in the environment (Allen, 2006). This cultural diversity are seen in every places whether it is society or people or any organization, basically when focussing on the country like Australia, the globalization has an high impact over here by changing the scenario of the country in many aspects which will eventually sometimes leading to the loss of its identity (Bush, 2008). Debate Among Writers As per the Caldwell Author, with the onset of globalization in Australia it has basically made the state with enormous amount of pressure which are also resulted in the development of the technology and information with also made the increment in the capital in the country with respect to the global market (Caldwell, 2008). Similarly Capper, Theoharis Sebastian said that these all diversification made the relationship between the marketplace with the cities and the citizens quite good (Capper, Theoharis Sebastian, 2006). As per Edmunds Macmillan, along with this the diversification of culture has made the organizations to lead success in the growing market as the diversity specifically means the creation of inclusion where there is harmony in the working place by establishing the respect, values and opportunities for the people working within it (Edmunds Macmillan, 2010). Diversity in the working place of Australia is taking an important place as it is mostly aiming towards the empowerment of the people working in it which makes in enhancing the strengths of the organization (Capper Young, 2014). The process of diversification makes the valuing and the understanding of the needs of every employee of the organization with also implements the rules and regulations in extracting the different specifications among the employees of the organization. As per research of Edmunds Macmillan, Australia can be said to be as the multicultural country as this country is mostly having a good management for the conduction of the immigration programme from the time of Second World War (Edmunds Macmillan, 2010). Therefore the incoming of the more and more amount of population inside Australia made a hub of cultures where various types of cultures mingled at the same time. This eventually made Australia a multicultural nation which somehow undergone for social fragme ntation with the addition of globalization (Evans, 2014). But as per Luke, Green Kelly, this social fragmentation or the division somehow can be said to be have a bad impact on the residents of Australia, as in most of the times the 20% of the Australians experience the discrimination on the basis of race in the society where there is mingling of various types of cultures at the same time (Luke, Green Kelly, 2010). The racial discrimination has made so much impact that the people get this type of discrimination in the workplace which made their exclusion from the workplace and in some cases they use to face the physical assault as well. Therefore the diversification in the culture somehow made a positive change along with the negative drive which can lead to the closing of the identity of Australia in many circumstances by losing its originality and by adapting to the cultural diversification (Gunter Fitzgerald, 2007). The Australian market is having an intermingling of the people of various culture and various regions of the different parts of the world. These intermingling somehow make the people and the culture to adapt the situation as per their requirement, same way the thing is happening in Australia. According to Lumby Morrison, Australian market is an emerging market where there is every type of availability for the growth of any type of business or the organizations (Lumby Morrison, 2010). Therefore the stakeholders or the creditors are basically focussing on the investment on the Australian market which will make them beneficial in getting the value. This situation makes the embracement of the cultural diversity (Fitzgerald, 2006). Due to the embracement of the cultural diversity the Australian market gets involved in the adaptation of the ways for the development of the organizational environment both internal and external (Mayrowitz, 2008). This adaptation makes the organizations to improve their cultures for the achievement of goals. The employees are given required environment of inclusion due to the diversification which gave them value and respect in the organization that motivated their spirit for better performances in the organization (Fraser, 2010). As per Lumby Morrison, when the workforce of Australia is surveyed it mostly have the 28% of the population which were born outside the country, the next 20% population is having one of the parent of outside Australia and the rest 20% is the population of speaks other language at home other than the English language (Lumby Morrison, 2010). This survey is an indication that the Australian population is somehow having the first generation or the second generation Australian in it, apart from that the rest of the population is the immigrants those are intended for any type of business or job in Australia or for higher studies in Australia (Freire, 1998). Therefore it is important for the work forces in the workplaces to get adapted to the cultural diversity (Morrison, Lumby Sood, 2006). The adaptation of diversity is mostly having some important factors or important reasons which can add to the growth of the organizations in every matter (Niesche Keddie, 2011). As per Luke, Green Kelly, mostly it aims towards the capturing of the talent regardless of the place; it may be from external environment or internal environment of the organization (Luke, Green Kelly, 2010). Apart from that there will have the boosting of the innovations in the organization by the employees which will initiate many new ideas for the improvement of the business, and eventually this process will add to the enhancement of the productivity (Fullan, 2003). The more the increase in the number of expansion of the Australian market, more is the entry of human capital that will eventually lead to more cultural diversification (Edmunds Macmillan, 2010). Studies somehow says that if the number of immigrants were going on increasing in every increasing year with having the generations of Australian population whether it is first and second then there will have no diminishing of the culture. Apart from the diversification of the culture in Australia, there are many negative and positive impacts on the environment. When there is application of inclusion in the cultural environment of the organization then there will be somehow reduction of the cost of the staff turnover with likely to have the reduction of the overall legal compliances. This type of management of the organization leads to the creation of a well structure of an organization by limiting the risks of the cultural diversity (Luke, Green Kelly, 2010). Mostly this type of inclusive character is being adapted by the organization basing upon the demands and the requirements or the trends of the market, by the adaptation of which there is always the way of negotiation of the is sues that may arise from the mismanagement of the diversification by the organization (Kalervo, 2006). Also it is evident that the rise in the diversification makes the rising in the labour productivity of the organization by the increase in the equity of the organizational rules. These equity rules eventually made the rising of the sakes percentage of the organization as the rule of gender ethnicity is also taken into consideration (Edmunds Macmillan, 2010). The diversification in the workplace majorly took into account the satisfaction of the employees in the organization according to their job role, job tenure and goal of the organization (Keeffe Carrington, 2007). The changes in the environment of the organization gives motivation of the employees for the increment of their standard of working purely aiming towards the achievement of the goals of the organization as well as increase in the revenue of the country (Price, 2012). The cultural diversification in the Australian organization as per the market norms and trends somehow took to the leadership in the businesses in Australia that is given birth by the inclusion in the organizations which basically meant for the globalization of the organizations internal and external environment. As per Capper, Theoharis Sebastian, there is a strong leadership in the business environment of Australia as in the example of the Australia Day and the Queens Birthday in Australia. Both the events are very much important for the Australian government for the sustenance of the business environment in Australia (Capper, Theoharis Sebastian, 2006). Therefore in those events there occurred criticism due to the amount of recipients of the awards by the public. The more amount of awards that has been received in the event are the 32%women and the rest were also there, but all of them does not include any of the non-Europeans rather prior to that the awards mostly are given to the people comprising of the 800 people of Australian background with 25 people of non-European background that somehow can be said as only 3% of the total (Kruger, 2007). This shows that there is a leadership in the business environment with the resultant of the culture diversification which sometime mainly made the loss of identity of Australia (Clarke Wildy, 2004). The matter here whose discussion is going through is to get clarification about the identity loss of Australia on going in the process of the diversification of culture and inclusion within the society and the organization that are running in Australia. According to Capper, Theoharis Sebastian, by having the take up of the cultural diversification, Australian culture became a topic for debating and a topic for survey for various researchers to find out the issues behind these for which there is having the loss of the identity of Australia (Capper, Theoharis Sebastian, 2006). This is because the diversity has put an inclusion which has made the enhancements in the potential of the organizations for the language and other barriers but in the same way it has increased the heights of risk of ambiguity. Along with that it has increased the value of conflicts with valid reasoning and also the differences in the decision making (Clarke Wildy, 2006). Other than that the diversification al so brings out the stereotypes rapport with the stifling of the exchange of the ideas and information. Again when there is diversification in the workforce or the employees of an organization then there will be cohesion in the official environment with having a poor amount of integration in the team, with decreased in the satisfaction and commitment towards the task and the completion of goal which eventually leads to the increase in turnover but at the end the dissatisfaction the employees of the organization (Luke, Green Kelly, 2010). The potential of the workforce by the process of diversification also becomes with higher quality problem solving with many innovative and creative ideas (Cope Kalantzis, 2002). These innovations lead to have many accesses with the diverse customers and the suppliers which aim towards the energising of the top global talent in the global market (Lumby Morrison, 2010). Capper, Theoharis Sebastian has mentioned regarding the management of the workforce in the organizations (Capper, Theoharis Sebastian, 2006). They have paid the emphasis on the diversification in the workplace or the organization and impacts on the employees and the employers. They have said that if there will have the culturally diversified workforce in an organization, then there will have some negative impacts for the organization but in the same place Dimmock Walker also mentioned that if that point is managed well then the organization will get many valuable and positive impacts from it (Dimmock Walker, 2005). As this process of diversification usually intended to enhance the potential of the employee and the organization by increasing the growth in business through creativity, therefore the intensions of the author in this paper is the optimization of the most possible and positive outcomes of the workforce of an organization which is getting successful in achieving the goa ls though having different cultural backgrounds (Mathews, 2008). Luke, Green Kelly in his paper said about the attitudes of the people who are being immigrated to Australia and are related to the cultural diversity (Luke, Green Kelly, 2010). It paid emphasis on the amount of immigrations to Australia, and also said that Australia is among one of those countries which is having a high amount of immigration in between the western nations. For this reason, Andrew had conducted a survey in which he had gone through the period of the year 1999-2010 of Australia where he found out about 52% of people who came out for the support of the current level of immigration or the intake, with 43% of population that were there in the support of the reduction, and finally an amount of 5% of population which are having in support of the situation of uncertainty (Lumby Morrison, 2010). Along with this these surveys also shown that there is having a very opposition for the establishment of the cultural diversity as it is affecting the demographics of Australia. Th e immigration makes the situation more complex in Australia by increasing the discrimination issue and decreasing the feeling and levels of safety of trusts within the folk of Australia. This survey no doubt gives some indication towards the loss of identity of the country by the diversification. Allen has stated about the studied the perspectives of the diversification that has been shifted to inclusion (Allen, 2006). They also stated that the inclusion is also a process of the advanced diversification in which there is the examination of the intersectionalities of the leadership with respect to the concept of the diversity and the inclusion. They also somehow mentioned in their study that the leaders who are intended to establish the cultures of inclusion in the organization, for them its a must to consider the value of the diversities in the talents, experiences and the identities of the organization which will lead towards the maintenance of chore in the organization. If there w ill not have the equity in the official environment then there will have the negative impacts of cultural diversity. Another paper by Ainscow says that the increase in the cultural diversity is an impact of globalization in the global market (Ainscow, 2005). They said that the cultural diversity is having some positive points of the mixing of the people of different cultures in one workplace which somehow also increases the integrity, but apart from that they said about the management of this diversification in a well arranged manner which will give more fruitful effects. Lumby Morrison said about the effects of the multiculturalism on the society of Australia. In their analysis they have studied about the issues of multiculturalism in Australia which went on the themes of the identity of Australia and also by involving the attitudes of the people towards the multiculturalism and eventually gave the prediction of the future of Australia basing upon their study (Lumby Morrison, 201 0). They have done the studies because they have the concerns about all the current conditions of Australia which have the concern that the involvement of the cultural diversity leads the creation of gap between the ideologies along with the multiculturalism practices of Australia. Therefore what important are the challenges that eventually leads to the failure of the ways of dealings of the individuals with the different background and different limitations. As it is evident that the diversification of the workforce makes more innovative and creative ways for the development of the country in the global market under the influence of globalization, still it has the threatening for its culture regarding the safety of the people. The diversification of the culture is very complex having its benefits and many more processes of optimization but if in any case gets mismanaged then there will be very complexity to the Australian folk as it will definitely lose it identity (Rizvi, 1985). F or a better management of the diversification, the utmost important process for an organization is the training, education and development. By acquiring these three processes in a correct manner, there will have a good environment in the organization that will change the ideology of the employees and their attributes and attitudes (Tomlinson, 2000). Conclusion The matter of fact in this write up is the cultural diversification in Australia and its effect on the identity of Australia. A culturally diverse workforce in an organization makes the rise the productivity of the organization by implementing its innovative and creative ideas for any type of issue resolving and problem solving. Along with this it is also necessary to make sure about the management of the cultural diversities and its issues. Basically it is noticed that the cultural diversification makes the impact causing the high turnover, absenteeism and lawsuits. These three must be managed to get a good working environment in the organization that will not affect the workforce or the workplace. The workplace must have its intelligence in the cultural diversification that can be said to have some relevance with the level of leadership in the organization. This leadership can also be said to be the effect of the globalization and diversification which aims towards the expansion of the market irrespective of the culture behind and the risks behind. Their objective is the entry to the foreign markets with proper strategies that will act globally and which will be helpful in motivating the employees for the enhanced performances. But all these somehow give threat to the culture of Australia which is declining or losing its identity in the process of diversification. The racial discrimination, the loss of trust and safety, the gap in the ideologies and likewise many more issues are there which are being studied by the researchers and they have shown that the cultural diversification has led to the losing in the identity of Australian culture. These issues that are raised by the globalization or the diversification that must be needed to be taken care of for the betterment of the society along with the people for their better future. References Ainscow, M. (2005). Developing Inclusive Education Systems: What are the levers for change? Journal of Educational Change 6 (2): 109124. doi:10.1007/s10833-005-1298-4. Allen, L. A. (2006). The moral life of schools revisited: Preparing educational leaders to build a new social order for social justice and democratic community. International Journal of Urban Educational Leadership 1, 113. Bush, T. (2008). From management to leadership: Semantic or meaningful change? Educational Management, Administration Leadership 36, (2), 271-88. Caldwell, B.J. (2008). Reconceptualising the self-managing school. Educational Management Administration Leadership 36, (2) 235-52. Capper, C. A., and Young, M. (2014). Ironies and limitations of educational leadership for social justice: A call to social justice educators. Theory into Practice 53: 153164. Capper, C. A., Theoharis, G. Sebastian, J. (2006). Toward a framework for preparing leaders for social justice. Journal of Educational Administration 44(3): 209224. doi:10.1108/0 9578230610664814. Clarke, S., Wildy H. (2004). Context counts: Viewing small school leadership from the inside out. Journal of Educational Administration 42, (5), 555-72. Clarke, S., and H. Wildy. (2006). Leading for sustainable school improvement: Teaching principals in rural communities engaging with complexity. Perspectives on Educational Leadership 3. Cope, B. Kalantzis, M. (2002) Productive Diversity. Sydney: Pluto Press. DEECD, Dimmock, C., and Walker, A. (2005). Educational leadership: Culture and diversity. London: Sage. Edmunds, A. L., and Macmillan R. B. (eds. 2010). Leadership for Inclusion: A Practical Guide. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. Evans, D., 2014. Aspiring to leadership: A womans world? Procedia Social and Behavioural Sciences 148, 543-550. Gunter, H., Fitzgerald, T. (2007). Leading learning and leading teachers: Challenges for schools in the 21st Century. Leading and Managing, 13(1), 1---15. Fitzgerald, T. (2006). Walking between two worlds: Indigenous women and educational leadership. Journal of Educational Management, Administration Leadership, 34(2) 201213 Foreman, P. (ed.2011) Inclusion in Action (3rd Ed.). Australia: Cengage Learning. Fraser, N. (2010) Scales of Justice: reimagining political space in a globalizing world. New York: Columbia University Press. Freire, P. (1998). Pedagogy of the Oppressed. (New rev. 20th anniv. Ed.). New York:Continuum. Fullan, M. (2003). The moral imperative of school leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Ontario Principals' Council and Corwin Press Kalervo, G (2006): A white veneer: Education policy, space and race in the inner city discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 27(2), 259-274. Keeffe, M., Carrington, S. (2007). Schools and Diversity. (2ndEd). Pearson. Kruger, M. (2007). School leadership, sex and gender: Welcome to difference. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 11(2), 155---16 Luke, A., Green, J., Kelly G.J. (2010). Introduction: What counts as evidence and equity? Review of Research in Education 34: vii_xvi. Lumby, J., M. Morrison, M. 2010. Leadership and diversity: Theory and research. School Leadership Management 30, (1), 3-17. Mathews, J. 2008. Schooling and settlement: Refugee education in Australia. International Studies in Sociology of Education 18(1): 31-45. Mayrowitz, D. (2008). Making sense of distributed leadership: Exploring the multiple usages of the concept in the field. Educational Administration Quarterly 44, (3), 424-35. Ministerial Council on Education, Employment, Training and Youth Affairs (MCEETYA). 2008a. Melbourne Declaration on educational goals for young Australians. Canberra: MCEETYA. Ministerial Council on Education, Employment, Training and Youth Affairs. 2008b. National Assessment Program-Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) summary report. Canberra: MCEETYA. Morrison, M., Lumby J., Sood, K. (2006). Diversity and diversity management: Messages from recent research. Educational Management Administration and Leadership 34, no. 3: 277 Niesche, R., Keddie, A (2011) Foregrounding issues of equity and diversity in educational leadership. School Leadership Management 31(1), 65-77, DOI: 10.1080/13632434.2010.545381 Price, K. (2012). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education: An introduction for the teaching profession. Cambridge University Press. Rizvi, F. (1985) Multiculturalism as an Educational Policy. Geelong, Vic.: Deakin University Press. Rizvi, F. Lingard, R. (2010) Globalizing Education Policy. London New York: Routledge. Tomlinson, J. (2000) Globalization and Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

White Privilege by Peggy Macintos an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

White Privilege by Peggy Macintos The essay written by Peggy Macintosh compared and interrelate the concept of racism to the issue of equality betwheen man and woman. In her essay, Macintosh mentioned that men seem to be in denial about the privileges that they enjoyed that womens dont. They tend to disagree with the notion that they are over privileged (in many aspects) than women, although they are aware of the disadvantage that women faced. Macintosh mentioned that this kind of mentality is also applicable with the issue of racism between the whites and people with color. More privilege is being granted to whites and they seem not to be aware of these privileges. Although the state had already provided some legislations abandoning the inequalities among races, still the fact remains that racism could not be completely eliminated. These privileges, which the whites seem not to acknowledge, are being reflected on the norms present in the society. Some of these so called unacknowledged privileges were stated on Macin tosh essay. Whether on the work place, learning area or recreation places, the whites experienced these privileges while their counterparts are always in an uncomfortable situation because of the fear of being interrogated, embarrassed or harassed. Need essay sample on "White Privilege by Peggy Macintos" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Our Customers Frequently Tell EssayLab writers: Who wants to write paper for me? Professional writers recommend: There Is Nothing Impossible For Essaylab Paper Writer Buy Papers Online Writers For Hire Best Essay Writing Service Good Essay Writing Company The issue on racism and equality among races is still an in demand problem that needs to be addressed. The mere presence of legislations against racism is not an answer to solve this problem. The points of Macintosh in her work are true regarding the myth of meritocracy between the whites and non whites. It is also true that some of the actions done by the whites reflect some sort of racist attitude that typically affects their counterparts. White Americans dominates most of the top position in a job and are overrepresented in magazines and in television programs. Truly, this scenario for the white individuals is of no significance at all because they are, in no doubt, one of them. This overrepresentation and oblivious act of whites in many fields is the main issue that Macintosh is dealing with. Unknowingly, the white individuals fail to recognize that they have been over empowering their own race. Being unconscious of this race over empowerment, white individuals seems to continually do certain actions of a racist. The reason for this unawareness is brought about by the society. Schools have something to do with the sense of dominance and unawareness of white individuals and in return, they also play a big part in enlightening white Americans to shun such dominance and unawareness. Peggy Macintosh White Privilege indeed presented a clear and acceptable idea regarding equalities between races. It is good to know that some of the white Americans like the author presented the problem without a touch of biased to their own race America has the dream of meritocracy, but this dream seems to be not reflective on the societys actions. Just like issue of dominance between man and woman, the issues of racism or prejudice because of color continuously hunt America. Even until today, the whites opt to oppress the minority. I do hope that more white individuals would read and critically analyzed the ideas presented by Macintosh because her essay would let them realize that indeed, the society is still being biased regarding races. Citizens must keep their eyes and mind open to see these simple actions of racism. It is not enough that they know the definition of racism and they know the past history of such concept. What is more needed is their move to end this problem. Chan ging the system or policy is not the mere answer to overcome racism, individuals in the society must also take actions regarding this matter. Implementation of legislation without the collaborative support from the people would not lead to success. Work Cited Macintosh, Peggy. White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack.

Battle of Gettysburg essays

Battle of Gettysburg essays The American people in 1860 believed they were the luckiest people alive in all the world. This was before the start of what some believe as the first real civil war. (Catton 108). The battle, demonstrating as it did the effectiveness of the Confederate army, changed the status of the conflict from a rebellion to a civil war. Six hundred thousand young Americans, alive when 1860 ended, would all of the explosion in the next four years. The Confederates had won the war, but their efforts, Jackson complained, left them more disorganized by victory than [the Union army was] by defeat. (Starr 103). One major battle that led to Gettysburg and the Confederate defeat was the battle of Bull Run. The battle took place on July 21, 1961, and was to be the day bearing the fate of the newborn confederacy. (Beauregard). The battle of Bull Run was fought in Virginia, near the Manassas, Virginia railway junction, after which the battle is called (or First Bull Run, named after the flowing stream on the battlefield). According to Michael Golay, author of To Gettsburg and Beyond, Lieutenant Haskell, a Union aide, remarked that: At the early battles we thought that we had heard heavy cannonading; they were but holiday salutes compared to this. Besides the great ceaseless roar of the guns, which was but the background for the others, a million various minor sounds engaged the ear. The projectiles shriek long and sharp. They hiss, they scream, they growl, they sputter, all sounds of life and rage; and each has its different not, The victory at Bull Run left the Confederate command feeling that the next move was pretty much up to the Yankees of the Union. The Confederates seemed very unprepared and the Union was anxious to make the next move. Although, the Union was quite primed for the next ...

Human Resources Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Human Resources Management - Research Paper Example Then by knowing who needs the training, there is a significant assessment of the need of the participants of the training (p.181). By finding their prevailing potential or capacity, the actual design for training would be remarkably considered based on each of their actual and individual needs. In addition, by finding what subjects should the training cover is another important way on how to assess the need for training (p.181). In order for the entire training to be effective, it is appropriate to only include subjects that are essentials or highly needed. There are three categories of training methods that are widely used in human resource management which include presentation methods, hands-on methods, and group-building methods (p.189). Presentation methods are designed to be more educational for the purpose of acquiring substantial facts, ideas or information which could be obtained from lectures, DVDs and other relevant presentations. The good thing about these training methods is that individuals could personally learn from various forms of presentations different from hands-on and group building methods. For hands-on methods, the goal is to expose the participants or individuals to actual training programs such as role playing, simulations and on-the-job trainings. The difference found in these methods compared with the presentation methods is the occurrence of actual immersion in which there is a need to facilitate learning through concrete training activities so as to help enhance skills for instance. There are also actual ac tivities involved in group-building methods, but these are most likely about enhancing group or team’s participation, to establish performance of the entire group or team. How to evaluate the success of a training program is another important consideration in the human resource management. Before anything else, it is important to include the idea that the associated goals of the training program should be

CHILDREN'S HEALTH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CHILDREN'S HEALTH - Essay Example Generally, children who are uninsured face barriers to obtaining healthcare services.Un-insurance rates were the highest amongst children of ethnic minorities. The percentages of children uninsured were 6% for whites, 21% for Latinos, 15% for Native Americans, 7% for African Americans, and 4% for Asians or Pacific Islanders (Flores and Tomany-Korman, 2008a). There was a greater incidence of health problems with ethnic minorities comparedto the rest of the population including obesity, asthma, emotional difficulties, speech and behavioural problems, poor dental care, no dental or medical visit in the preceding 12 months and no access to prescription medications to name a few (Flores and Tomany-Korman, 2008a). It particular, children from certain ethnic groups had issues specific only to that group both in medical conditions and in gaining access to healthcare (Flores and Tomany-Korman, 2008a). In Latinos, there were problems with overall health and getting speciality treatment. In Afr ican Americans, hearing and vision problems, skin allergies along with dental issues and speech problems seemed prevalent and in Native Americans, hearing and vision problems were widespread.

Analysis of Saddam Husseins Trial

Analysis of Saddam Husseins Trial Frank Kopeski On March 19 2003 The United States along with allied forces invaded Iraq and marked the start of the Iraq War. The Conflict later received the name Operation Iraqi Freedom by the United States. The invasion consisted of 21 days of major combat operations in which a joint force of troops from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and Poland invaded Iraq and overthrew the Baathist government of Saddam Hussein. The invasion phase consisted primarily of a conventionally fought war which concluded with the capture of the Iraqi capital of Baghdad by American forces. On December 13 2003 US troops Cptured Saddam Hussein. He was taken into custody for war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide. With success of detaining the Iraqi President this raised a very important question. What do we do with him? Since his crimes were committed in Iraq it would only make sense that a trial be held there. The Iraqi Interim Government ended up conducting the trial. The United States Established the Iraqi Interim Government after the invasion. The Coalition Provisional Authority voted to create the Iraqi Special Tribunal (IST), consisting of five Iraqi judges. The United states Depart of justice aided in the investigation. The DOJ also aided in the setting up of the trial. The most challenging part for the US in Aiding the trial was to not get entirely involved. This became very difficult especially during the trial. The first trial began before the Iraqi Special Tribunal on October 19th 2005. At this trial Saddam and seven other defendants were tried for crimes against humanity with regard to events that took place after a failed assassination attempt in Dujail in 1982 by members of the IslÄ mic Dawa Party. A second and separate trial began on 21 August 2006, trying Saddam and six co-defendants for genocide during the Anfal military campaign against the Kurds of northern Iraq. Saddam may have also been tried in absentia for events dating to the Iran–Iraq War and invasion of Kuwait, including war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. During the trial Saddam appeared confident. He denied all charges and stated he was just doing what any good president would do. On November 5 2006 Saddam Hussein was sentenced to death by hanging for the killing of 148 Shiites from Dujail, in retaliation for the assassination attempt. No further action was necessary and Saddam was ordered executed within 30 days of that date. When sentenced to death Saddam stated â€Å"Long live the people. Long live the Arab nation. Down with the spies. God is great. Saddam Hussein is executed on December 30 2006 at about 6:05am. He was hung at an Iraqi army base in Kazimain called Camp Justice. After his execution all other charges were dropped. On January 15 2007 Saddams co-defendants, Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti, his half-brother and Iraqs intelligence chief at the time of the Dujail killings, and Awad Hamed al-Bandar, who issued death sentences to Dujail residents as head of a Revolutionary Court, were also sentenced to death by hanging. The former Iraqi vice-president Taha Yassin Ramadan is originally sentenced to life in prison. However, his sentencing changed to death by hanging on 12 February 2007. Ramadans execution took place on March 20th 2007. Many Viewed the trial as a joke, Stating it as a â€Å"show trial or a Kangaroo Court Human Rights Watch stated that Saddams execution follows a flawed trial and marks a significant step away from the rule of law in Iraq. Amnesty International stated that the trial was unfair, Many believed that the US had heavy influence on the court; this includes Saddams legal counsel Khalil al-Dulaimi. Khalil stated, This court is a creature of the US military occupation, and the Iraqi court is just a tool and rubber stamp of the invaders. Although many felt that the US had too much influence in the trial others believed that they didn’t have enough. The trial seemed to have one goal in mind, and that was revenge. Because the US did not have final say in how the trial was conducted the trail was not entirely modeled after our system which has the one goal of justice. For example every time a judge would sway towards Saddams side or agree with him on a statement the judge would be replaced with a new judge. This happened many times. Another example was the way the execution was conducted. The date and place of the execution were secret until the sentence was carried out. The execution was completely absent of respect. Every aspect of the execution was fueled by revenge. He was ridiculed and humiliated which portraits a powerful message. Although his sentencing in many aspects is just, the conduction was not. This runs a huge risk of retaliation which can cause problems in the future. Currently we are finding out that ISIS is a major problem. ISIS (The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant) is an extremist, jihadist group that aimed to set up an Islamic state in Sunni Arab-majority areas of Iraq. Many are former Baathists who seek retaliation. Raouf Abdul Rahman the Kurdish judge who sentenced Saddam Hussein to be executed has himself been captured and executed by ISIS. He was killed by the militants in retaliation for the killing of Saddam Hussein. Martha Minow discussed three issues that were present during the Nuremberg trials that are similar to those in Saddams trial. The three aspects Minow points out that deserve critiquing are retroactivity, politicization, and selectivity. Retroactivity is explained as defendants being charged with charges that were not announced before the start of the trial or didn’t exist before the trial. It violates the rule of law because of the laws commitment to apply clear, preexisting norms. The second aspect is politicization constructing a group of different institutions and political pressures that get rid of personal independence and norms, such as they did in Nuremberg with the format of the trial, being base on five different countries that all have different laws and political pressures. Lastly she points out selectivity, which is picking out targets that could be charged with violations. Prosecutorial discretion is reflected off of identification of offenders and who is held res ponsible. It also reflects the chance of finding and arresting offenders. It is based off of who is selected to be held responsible for the crime at hand. Retroactivity could have played a role in Saddams Trial. This is because the new Iraqi government was just formed. When Saddam was in power his actions would not be considered a crime under his government, but with the newly formed Iraq his actions were criminal. In a way this could be seen as retroactive. The next aspect is politicization; The US played a major role in constructing of the trial. Many aspects of it were not the norm of Iraqi culture. This put political pressure on the trial that many did not agree with. Lastly it was difficult to decide who exactly was responsible for what crime. Many crimes committed were done by Saddams or those working under him but some weren’t exactly clear who was responsible. , Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti and Awad Hamed al-Bandar were executed for crime committed during the Dujail kill ings. The argument can be made that they were acting under Saddams orders. This process of figuring out who is responsible can be seen as selectivity. The goal of these tribunals is to find justice. This tends to be very difficult do without being bias due to the nature of war. Justice is guided by truth, reason and fairness. This is all for the good of the people. Although some may disagree, revenge isn’t justice. . In times like this it is hard to determine what is right and what is wrong. There is a fine line between cruelty and justice. This is a perfect example of how justice can be a double edged sword. Its situations like this that we need to learn from the past in order to move forward for the future. Work Cited Minow, M. (1998). Between Vengence and Forgiveness. Boston: beacon press books. America at a Crossroads: The Trial of Saddam Hussein, PBS Jun 4, 2014 ANDRE WALKER, http://www.breitbart.com/Breitbart-London/2014/06/23/Saddam-Hussein-Judge-Executed-By-ISIS. 23 Jun 2014.